Vernier calipers
Vernier calipers:
Vernier calipers, also known as Vernier callipers, are precision measuring instruments used to accurately measure the dimensions of objects with high precision. They are commonly used in various industries, laboratories, and workshops for dimensional measurements.
Vernier calipers consist of two main parts: the main scale and the sliding Vernier scale. The main scale is a graduated scale, usually in millimeters or inches, attached to the main body of the caliper. It provides the primary measurement reading.
The sliding Vernier scale is a secondary scale that slides along the main scale. It contains a series of smaller divisions, which are slightly shorter or longer than the divisions on the main scale. The Vernier scale allows for more precise measurements by indicating fractions of the smallest scale divisions on the main scale.
Here’s how to use Vernier calipers:
- Opening and Zeroing: Begin by fully opening the caliper jaws. Align the zero mark on the Vernier scale with the zero mark on the main scale. This ensures that the caliper is zeroed and ready for measurement.
- Measuring External Dimensions: Close the caliper jaws around the object you want to measure. Make sure the object is securely held between the jaws. Take note of the whole number measurement on the main scale that aligns with the zero mark on the Vernier scale. Then, find the Vernier scale division that best aligns with a division on the main scale. This division on the Vernier scale corresponds to the fraction of the smallest division on the main scale. Add this fraction to the whole number measurement to get the final measurement.
- Measuring Internal Dimensions: For measuring internal dimensions, such as the diameter of a hole, insert the smaller jaws of the caliper into the hole and gently open the jaws until they make contact with the inner surfaces. Follow the same procedure as for external measurements to obtain the measurement.
- Depth Measurements: Vernier calipers often have a depth rod or a depth gauge attachment for measuring the depth of holes or recesses. To measure depth, extend the depth rod or attach the depth gauge to the caliper, and place the end of the rod or the gauge into the hole or recess. Read the measurement from the main scale and Vernier scale as before.
Vernier calipers provide high accuracy, typically up to a fraction of a millimeter or thousandth of an inch. They are versatile tools used for a wide range of measurements, including length, diameter, thickness, and depth. They are widely used in engineering, manufacturing, metalworking, and scientific applications where precise measurements are required.